Core Web Vitals are essential metrics that impact your site's user experience and Google rankings. This guide helps you optimize loading speed, interactivity, and visual stability for better performance. Learn how to improve key metrics like LCP, FID, and CLS using actionable techniques.

Optimizing Your Website for Core Web Vitals

<h2 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true" data-pm-slice="0 0 []">Introduction :</h2>
In modern web development, HTML provides a rich set of elements and attributes that allow developers to structure content and enhance user interactions. Among these features, custom data attributes offer a flexible way to embed additional information directly within HTML elements. Prefixed with data-, these attributes enable developers to store metadata that can be easily accessed via JavaScript without cluttering the DOM or relying on non-standard attributes.
<h3 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">What are Data Attributes?</h3>
Data attributes in HTML allow developers to store extra, custom information within HTML elements without impacting their visual or functional behavior. These attributes are helpful for embedding additional data that can later be accessed or manipulated using JavaScript or CSS. They provide a way to link extra information to an element that wouldn&rsquo;t naturally fit in existing HTML attributes like id or class
<h3 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">Why Use Custom Data Attributes?</h3>
<ul class="ak-ul" data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="bulletList" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
Separation of Concerns: Custom data attributes let you store additional data directly in HTML without mixing business logic with the content or presentation. This keeps the HTML clean and readable while separating content, styling, and logic.
</li>
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
No Impact on CSS or HTML Semantics: Since these attributes are prefixed with data-, they don't interfere with existing attributes or CSS styles. You can store metadata on elements without affecting their appearance or behavior unless you explicitly manipulate them with JavaScript.
</li>
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
Easy Access with JavaScript: Using JavaScript, you can easily read and manipulate custom data attributes using element.dataset. This provides a simple way to pass data to scripts.
</li>
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
Flexibility: They are flexible for storing small pieces of data related to a specific element, such as configuration settings, state information, or identifiers, without needing to modify the JavaScript or backend systems.
</li>
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
Cross-Browser Compatibility: Custom data attributes are part of the HTML5 specification and work reliably across all modern browsers, making them a stable and compatible choice for developers.
</li>
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
Improved Interaction with APIs: They allow you to embed useful data within your HTML, making it easier to integrate with JavaScript frameworks and APIs that require dynamic data interaction.
</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">How to Create Custom Data Attributes :</h3>
<h4 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">Basic Syntax :</h4>
<ul class="ak-ul" data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="bulletList" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
Add data- followed by the attribute name to your HTML element, like this:
</li>
</ul>
html
<pre data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="codeBlock" data-prosemirror-node-block="true"><code>&lt;div data-user-id="12345" data-role="admin"&gt;
 User Info
&lt;/div&gt;</code></pre>
In this example:
<ul class="ak-ul" data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="bulletList" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
data-user-id is a custom data attribute with a value of "12345".
</li>
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
data-role is another custom data attribute with a value of "admin".
</li>
</ul>
<h4 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">Accessing Data Attributes with JavaScript :</h4>
<ul class="ak-ul" data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="bulletList" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
Once you&rsquo;ve created these custom attributes, you can access them in JavaScript via the dataset property. The dataset property returns a DOMStringMap object, where each entry corresponds to one of the custom data attributes.
</li>
</ul>
javascript
<pre data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="codeBlock" data-prosemirror-node-block="true"><code>const userDiv = document.querySelector('div');

// Access the custom data attributes
const userId = userDiv.dataset.userId; 
const role = userDiv.dataset.role; 

console.log(userId); // Outputs: 12345
console.log(role); // Outputs: admin</code></pre>
<div data-panel-type="warning" data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="panel" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
<div data-panel-content="true">
Note: When accessing the dataset in JavaScript, the dashes (-) in the attribute name are converted to camelCase. So, data-user-id becomes userId in JavaScript.
</div>
</div>
<h3 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">Rules for Creating Custom Data Attributes :</h3>
<ul class="ak-ul" data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="bulletList" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
The attribute name must begin with data-.
</li>
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
The attribute name must be at least one character long and can only contain letters, digits, hyphens (-), periods (.), colons (:), and underscores (_).
</li>
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
Custom data attributes are case-insensitive in HTML (but camelCase in JavaScript).
</li>
</ul>
<h2 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">Conclusion :</h2>
Custom data attributes in HTML offer a simple, efficient way to store and manage additional data directly within HTML elements without affecting the document&rsquo;s structure or style. They enhance flexibility by enabling seamless integration between HTML and JavaScript, allowing developers to dynamically access, manipulate, and utilize the data as needed. Whether you&rsquo;re building interactive elements, passing configuration settings, or working with dynamic content, custom data attributes provide a clear, well-structured method for embedding metadata in your web applications.

Unlock the power of custom data attributes to store extra information in your HTML. Learn how to create, access, and use data-* attributes effectively in your web projects. Enhance interactivity and maintain cleaner code with this practical guide for developers.

Creating Custom Data Attributes in HTML: A Guide for Developers

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<h2 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true" data-pm-slice="0 0 []">Introduction :</h2>
The Fetch API provides a modern, promise-based method for making HTTP requests in JavaScript. It&rsquo;s a more flexible and powerful alternative to XMLHttpRequest, and it supports a variety of HTTP methods such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE. Here's a basic example of how you can use the Fetch API to make a GET request:
<pre data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="codeBlock" data-prosemirror-node-block="true"><code>fetch('http://127.0.0.1:8000/optimize/employee-details')
 .then(response =&gt; response.json())
 .then(data =&gt; console.log(data))
 .catch(error =&gt; console.error('Error fetching data:', error));
</code></pre>
This is a simple example, but Fetch is capable of much more. Let's dive into some advanced techniques to improve your API calls.
<h3 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">Understanding HTTP Methods with Fetch :</h3>
The Fetch API supports all standard HTTP methods:
<ul class="ak-ul" data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="bulletList" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
GET: Retrieves data from the server.
</li>
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
POST: Sends data to the server.
</li>
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
PUT: Updates existing resources on the server.
</li>
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
DELETE: Deletes resources from the server.
</li>
</ul>
Example of a POST request using Fetch:
<pre data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="codeBlock" data-prosemirror-node-block="true"><code>fetch('http://127.0.0.1:8000/optimize/employee-details/', {
 method: 'POST',
 headers: {
 'Content-Type': 'application/json'
 },
 body: JSON.stringify({ name: 'New Item' })
})
 .then(response =&gt; response.json())
 .then(data =&gt; console.log(data))
 .catch(error =&gt; console.error('Error:', error));
</code></pre>
<h3 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">Handling Errors Effectively :</h3>
When making API requests, things can go wrong&mdash;network issues, invalid responses, or server errors. The Fetch API doesn't automatically reject responses with an HTTP status code outside the range of 200-299, so you&rsquo;ll need to handle these manually.
Here&rsquo;s how you can manage errors:
<pre data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="codeBlock" data-prosemirror-node-block="true"><code>fetch('http://127.0.0.1:8000/optimize/employee-details/')
 .then(response =&gt; {
 if (!response.ok) {
 throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
 }
 return response.json();
 })
 .then(data =&gt; console.log(data))
 .catch(error =&gt; console.error('Fetching failed:', error));
</code></pre>
This ensures that any HTTP errors such as 404 Not Found or 500 Internal Server Error are caught and handled properly.
<h3 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">Optimizing API Performance :</h3>
To improve the performance of your API calls, you can:
<ul class="ak-ul" data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="bulletList" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
<li data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="listItem" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">
Reduce Payload Size: Only fetch the necessary data fields from the API by using query parameters or requesting specific fields in the request body. This reduces the amount of data that needs to be transferred.
</li>
</ul>
<pre data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="codeBlock" data-prosemirror-node-block="true"><code>fetch('http://127.0.0.1:8000/optimize/employee-details?fields=name,email')
 .then(response =&gt; response.json())
 .then(data =&gt; console.log(data));
</code></pre>
Use Cache-Control Headers: Enable caching for resources that do not change frequently. This reduces the number of API calls and improves performance.
<pre data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="codeBlock" data-prosemirror-node-block="true"><code>fetch('http://127.0.0.1:8000/optimize/employee-details', {
 headers: {
 'Cache-Control': 'max-age=3600' // Cache the response for 1 hour
 }
});
</code></pre>
Debouncing and Throttling: When making frequent API calls (e.g., on search input), debounce or throttle your API requests to reduce the load on the server.
<pre data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="codeBlock" data-prosemirror-node-block="true"><code>let debounceTimer;
let url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/optimize/employee-details'
const debounceFetch = (url, delay = 300) =&gt; {
 clearTimeout(debounceTimer);
 debounceTimer = setTimeout(() =&gt; {
 fetch(url)
 .then(response =&gt; response.json())
 .then(data =&gt; console.log(data));
 }, delay);
};
 </code></pre>
<h3 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">Handling Asynchronous JavaScript :</h3>
By default, Fetch is asynchronous, but JavaScript's async/await syntax makes handling asynchronous operations more intuitive and readable.
Here's the previous GET example rewritten using async/await:
<pre data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="codeBlock" data-prosemirror-node-block="true"><code>async function fetchData() {
 try {
 const response = await fetch('http://127.0.0.1:8000/optimize/employee-details');
 if (!response.ok) {
 throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
 }
 const data = await response.json();
 console.log(data);
 } catch (error) {
 console.error('Error fetching data:', error);
 }
}

fetchData();
</code></pre>
This pattern allows you to write cleaner and more maintainable code, especially when dealing with multiple asynchronous calls.
<h3 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">Advanced Fetch Usage :</h3>
<h4 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">Custom Headers and Authentication :</h4>
Fetch allows you to customize headers, which is useful for making authenticated API requests or passing specific tokens (e.g., JWT).
<pre data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="codeBlock" data-prosemirror-node-block="true"><code>fetch('http://127.0.0.1:8000/optimize/employee-details', {
 headers: {
 'Authorization': `Bearer ${token}`
 }
})
 .then(response =&gt; response.json())
 .then(data =&gt; console.log(data))
 .catch(error =&gt; console.error('Error fetching protected data:', error));
</code></pre>
This technique ensures secure API calls, particularly when handling private data.
<h4 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) :</h4>
CORS issues occur when making requests to a different domain than the one serving your web page. If you encounter CORS errors, ensure that the API you're calling has proper CORS headers set, or set the mode to cors in your Fetch request:
<pre data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="codeBlock" data-prosemirror-node-block="true"><code>fetch('http://127.0.0.1:8000/optimize/employee-details', {
 mode: 'cors'
})
 .then(response =&gt; response.json())
 .then(data =&gt; console.log(data))
 .catch(error =&gt; console.error('CORS error:', error));
</code></pre>
<h2 data-prosemirror-content-type="node" data-prosemirror-node-name="heading" data-prosemirror-node-block="true">Conclusion :</h2>
Using the Fetch API provides you with a powerful way to make HTTP requests in JavaScript, but optimizing those requests requires proper error handling, efficient use of HTTP methods, and performance enhancements like caching and debouncing. By mastering these techniques, you'll be able to improve your web application&rsquo;s speed, security, and overall user experience.
Mastering the Fetch API is an essential skill for modern web development. From basic data fetching to advanced techniques like authentication and performance optimization, it offers flexibility and control over your API calls.

Learn how to optimize API requests using the Fetch API in JavaScript. Discover techniques for error handling, loading states, and performance improvements. Master efficient data fetching to create smooth, responsive user experiences.

Fetching Data with Fetch: Techniques for Better API Calls

Effective grammar isn’t just about correctness—it’s about clarity, tone, and engagement. This guide walks you through crafting a grammar style that suits your audience and enhances readability. Learn to strike the right balance between professional and conversational, formal and friendly. Perfect your content with tips that make every sentence shine online.